Hydroponics Glossary

A

Abscisic Acid: A hormone that inhibits growth in plants, and helps defend the plant.

Abscission: The natural detachment of parts of a plant, such as ripe fruit or dead leaves.

Abscission Layer​: A layer of specilized cells usually found near the base of a leaf stalk or fruit stem. This layer triggers the seperation of the fruit or leaf from the plant.

Absorption: Growth not ordinarily expected, usually the result of stress or injury. A plant's normal growth comes from meristematic tissue, but adventitious growth comes from nonmeristematic tissue.

Accumulated heat units: Differing threshold temperatures and beginning accumulation dates are used to determine accumulated heat units for different crops. For example, a cool-season crop like alfalfa uses a threshold temperature of 41 degrees Fahrenheit and a starting date of March 1, whereas a warm-season crop like corn uses a threshold temperature of 50 F and the planting date as the starting date.

Acid: Soil acidity is a potentially serious land degradation issue. When soil becomes too acidic it can: decrease the availability of essential nutrients. increase the impact of toxic elements. decrease plant production and water use.

Acid Soil: When the pH of soil is below 7. Most plants love slightly acidic soil, however too much can poison the plant.

Aeration: The introduction of air into a material, such as soil. Used to "loosen" soil to increase permeability to water and air.

Aerial Root: A root that emerges above the soil.

Aerobic: A process that needs Oxygen to occur, such as cellular respiration.

Aeroponics: A growing technique used in hydroponics where the plant roots are hung in the air, and nutrients are delivered by a mist.

After-Ripening: A process that takes place in the seed before germination can occur. Determines the germination potenetial of the seed.

Aggregation: A formation of a number of things that cluster. In terms of botany, this has multiple applications, such as soil peds.

Alkaline: Refers to something with a pH larger than 7.

Alkaline soil: A soil with a pH larger than 7. Although some plants have adapted to grow in Alkaline soil, most plants will have their growth inhibited.

Alkaloid: A coumpound that contains at least one Nitrogen atom. In plants, alkaloids are used in plant defense against herbivores.

Allele: Refers to one of two forms of a specific gene. Most plants have 1 allele from the female parent and 1 allele from the male plant. As an example, the allele from the female parent could make the plant have blue flowers, while the allele from the male could cause the plant to have red flowers.

Allelopathy: The phenomenon in which plants produce and release biochemicals that affect the growth of other plants.

Ammonium (NH4+): A compound that is a major nitrogen source for plants. Too much can cause toxicity, while just enough will help promote growth.

Ampere: A unit that measures the flow of electric current. Can be found by dividing the wattage of the system by the volts used.

Anaerobic:  A process that occurs when no oxygen is present, such as Fermentation.

Angiosperm:   Plants that produce flowers and grow their seeds in some form of fruit. Examples include Roses, Hemp, Tomatos etc.

Anion:  An ion (a molecule with a new charge due to the movement of electrons) that is negative. Some examples are Nitrate, and Sulfate.

Annual:  A plant that completes its life cycle in one growing season.

ANSI (American National Standards Institute): Oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States.

Antagonism:  When one substance or organism interferes with another.

Aquaponics:  A system blending hydroponics and aquaculture, that uses fish waste as the source of nutrients for plant growth

Arboretum: A botonical garden dedicated to trees.

ARC TUBE: The tube of a HID that contains the Electric arc, and produces a light when a current is passed through.​

Array:  An ordered series or arrangement.

Asexual reproduction:   A form of reproduction where there is only 1 parent, such as vegetative propagation.

Aspect:  The direction of exposure to sunlight of a plant.

Atomic Weight:  The total weight of an atom.​

Autotrophic Nutrition: The process of an organism being able to produce its own food (such as photosynthesis).

Auxin:  A plant hormone that causes elongation of cells in shoots, and helps regulate plant growth. definitely one of the more important hormones in a plant.

AVERAGE RATED LIFE: Measured in hours, the number is decided by when 50% of a test group of lamps will have failed while operating at normal conditions.

B

Bacterial soft rot: A destructive disease of fruits and vegetables caused by a variety of bacteria.

Bacterium: A unicellular microorganism which has cell walls, but no organelles or nucleus.

Ballast: Regulates the current that is passing through a lamp for HID's.

Ballast Factor (BF): A number between 0.7 and 1.2 that tells you the amount of light emitted from a lamp using a commercial ballast as compared to a lamp using a reference ballast in a lab. It is calculated by dividing the output of Lumens from the commercial lamp, by the Lumens output by the reference ballast.

Ballast Losses: Calculated by subtracting the input power from lamp power, this is the amount of power consumed by a ballast that is operating a lamp.

Ballast Noise "HUM": Ballasts tend to hum due to a phenomenon called magnetostrsiction, which is when the magnetic field caused by the current, squeezes the core.

Balled and burlapped (B&B): A special process used for transplanting plants, in which plants that have previously planted and grown are dug up with a ball of soil and covered with burlap or canvas.

Band: Refers to the practice of creating a "band" of fertilizer or pesticide that runs alongside or below seeds. Helps give the necessary nutrients for seedlings.

Bare-root (BR): A dormant plant that has been dug up and has it's roots exposed.

Basal: Usually refers to a base of a structure. In the case of plants, it could refer to the base of a branch/trunk, or near a plant's crown.

Basal break: A new growth that occurs at the base of the plant or branch.

Base: A component that supplies a current in a lamp.

Beneficial Insect / Beneficials: An insect that helps pollinate flowers, eat other harmful insects, or help break down plant material in the soil. Examples include Ladybugs, Butterflies, and more.

Biennial: A plant that has a lifecycle of two years.

Biennial bearing: To produce fruit every other year.

Biosolids: A solid by-product recovered from wastewater, used as fertilizer.

Blade: The leaf of a plant.

Blight: A plant disease, typically one caused by fungi such as mildews, rusts, and smuts.

Bloom booster: Bloom Booster is a powerful bloom stimulator that generates explosive flowering and massive fruit production. It increases metabolic activity and mineral uptake by utilizing bio-stimulants and organic transport enhancers – not synthetic PGRs.

Blossom-end-rot (BER): Blossom end rot (BER) affects tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, squash, and melons. Caused by insufficient calcium and uneven water during the rapid growth of the plant and its fruit, BER is easily avoidable with the proper precautions. All vegetables need calcium for healthy development.

Blotch: a plant disease especially of fungal origin producing irregular dead or discolored areas in the leaves and distinguished from leaf spot mainly by the more indistinct or diffuse margins.

Bolting: Bolting occurs when a crop prematurely grows flower stalks and produces seeds, preventing the plant from bearing a vigorous harvest. Also called "running to seed" or "going to seed," bolting redistributes a plant's energy away from the leaves and roots to instead produce seeds and a flowering stem.

Botrytis: a fungus that forms a grayish powdery mold on a variety of organic matter. It causes a number of fungal plant diseases, including chocolate spot, and is deliberately cultivated (as noble rot) on the grapes used for certain wines.

Broadcast: Broadcasting method of planting is the scattering of. seed, by hand or mechanically on the surface of the. soil. It requires some mastering so as not to waste. seeds.

Broadleaf Evergreen: a type of shrub or small tree with large green leaves that hold their foliage year-round

Bud: a small lateral or terminal protuberance on the stem of a plant that may develop into a flower, leaf, or shoot.

Bud Break: the appearance of green tissue through the bud scales or the emergence of a new shoot from a bud during the spring”.

Bud Head: The part where the bud was grafted to a stock that looks swollen or enlarged

Bud Scale: Bud scales are modified leaves. They may be hairy or sticky, depending on the species of plant. A common location for a bud scale is on a terminal bud, the bud at the end of a branch which controls dormancy for other buds on the same branch

Buffering Action: Buffer action in general is defined as the ability of the buffer solution to resist the changes in pH value when a small amount of an acid or a base is added to it.

Bulb: A bulb is the glass part of an electric lamp, which gives out light when electricity passes through it.​

Bulb Shape : On every Bulb you will find a code that consist of letters and numbers. The shape is indicated with a letter and the number relates to the diameter of the bulb in eighths of an inch.

Bulb Wall Temperature: The minimum bulb wall temperature for operation of the halogen-cycle is about 200°C for bromine which is significantly lower than the 250°C for iodine.

C 

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3): Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the formula CaCO3 formed by three main elements: carbon, oxygen, and calcium.

Calorie: The calorie is a unit of energy. The energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water through 1 °C (now usually defined as 4.1868 joules).

Candela (CD): A plant that flowers regardless of the length of the period of light it is exposed to. Rice, corn, and the cucumber are day-neutral plants.

Candlepower (CP): Candlepower (abbreviated as cp or CP) is a unit of measurement for luminous intensity.

Candlepower Distribution Curve:  A light distribution curve is a visual representation of the light diffused by a luminaire.

Canopy: The uppermost spreading branchy layer of a forest. Canopy cover is the layer formed by the branches and crowns of plants or trees.

Capacitor: A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field. It is a passive electronic component with two terminals. Found in the ballast of the HID fixtures.

Capillary force: Capillary action is the process of a liquid flowing in a narrow space without the assistance of, or even in opposition to, any external forces like gravity.

Capillary mat:  A lightweight, mildew-resistant fabric designed to first absorb, then deliver water to the plants placed on the mat.

Capillary water: Water that remains in the soil after gravitational water is drained out, that is subject to the laws of capillary movement, and that is in the form of a film around the soil grains.

Carbon dioxide (CO2): Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an essential component of photosynthesis (also called carbon assimilation). Photosynthesis is a chemical process that uses light energy to convert CO2 and water into sugars in green plants. These sugars are then used for growth within the plant, through respiration.

Cation: They are positively charged cations. The cations give the soil the ability to react with positively charged ions. They have more protons than electrons. The essential soil cations are ammonium, calcium, magnesium, and potassium.

Cation exchange capacity (CEC): Cation-exchange capacity is a measure of how many cations can be retained on soil particle surfaces. 

Cellular respiration: The process in which organisms take oxygen and some form of food molecule, like glucose, and convert them into ATP, the energy molecule for most cells.

CENTIGRADE (C):  A temperature scale that is based on 0º being the freezing point of water, and 100º being the boiling point of water.

Ceramic metal halide (CMH): A ceramic metal-halide lamp, also generically known as a ceramic discharge metal-halide lamp, is a type of metal-halide lamp that is 10–20% more efficient than the traditional quartz metal halide and produces a superior color rendition.

Chlorophyll: A green pigment that is responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis. 

Chloroplast:  An organelle that contains chlorophyll and is responsible for photosynthesis.

Chlorosis: A loss of normal green color in plants, usually caused by lack of light or disease.

Chromaticity: An objective specification of the quality of color, regardless of how bright the colour is.

Chromosome: A structure found in all living beings, that carries genetic information in the form of genes.

Cladosporium: A genus of fungi that includes the most common molds.

Clay: A fine-grained natural soil, that is even smaller than sand. Clay is a great foundation for plants, as their are easy for a plant to anchor in while still being strong enough to hold its own.

Climber: A plant that "climbs" by itself by twining or using other support, to attach itself to another structure/plant.

Cloche: A translucent cover used to protect plants outdoors.

Clone: A clone is a plant that is an exact reproduction of the original parent (mother) plant. Commonly used in cannabis propagation, cloning is also applicable to different types of ornamentals, herbs, fruits, and vegetables.

Closed System: A system in which no mass can enter or leave. ​ 

Cold Hardening: A process in which plants prepare for cold weather.

Color Rendering Index (CRI): A measure of how similar a light can reproduce colours in comparison with a natural light source such as the sun. The best is 100 CRI.

Color Shift: The change in a lamps color temperature at 40% of the lamps rated life. (In Kelvin)

Compact fluorescent (CFL):  A fluorescent light bulb that has been compressed into a spiral shape, in order to be about the size as a regular fluorescent light bulb.

Compaction: When pressure is applied via foot/machiene traffic, that squeezes soil into tough layers that roots and water cannot penetrate.

Companion Planting: When two or more plants are planted together in order to discourage disease and insects.

Compatible: When two or more plants are capable of cross-pollinating, or can be grafted together.

Conductivity: A measure of strength of a nutrient solution. The lower the conductivity, the less dissolved solids present. This could also refer to the ease of which a material can transmit electricity.

Controlled Environmental Agriculture (CEA): Includes indoor growing, and vertical farming. A tech-based approach to growing a large amount of food.

Conversion Bulb: A bulb/lamp that is able to run on a different ballast than it was designed for. For example, sodium conversion bulbs allow the use of a sodium spectrum while using a metal halide fixture.

Core:  A measurement in Kelvin used to express the color of light given off by a lamp. The higher, the more blue the spectrum tends to be, while lower temperatures give a more red sprectrum.

Correlated Color Temperature (CCT): A measurement in Kelvin used to express the color of light given off by a lamp. The higher, the more blue the spectrum tends to be, while lower temperatures give a more red sprectrum.

Coverage: The effective grow area (usually in feet) of a lamp.

CREST FACTOR (CF): Shows the ratio of peak to the effective value of a current in a fixture. The closer the factor is to 1.4, the "easier" it is on the lamp.

Critical PhotoperiodThe minimum day length a long-day plant, and the maximum day length a short-day plant required to initiate flowering.

Cropping Cycle: The cycle from seeding until harvest of a plant, and its removal.

Cross-Pollination: When one plant with pollen, fertilizes the ovary of another plant. The offspring will have a distinct genetic makeup compared to its parents.

Cutting: A cutting is a section of plant such as a modified stem, leaf, or root used for vegetative propagation that forms either adventitious shoots, adventitious roots (stem and single node cuttings), or both (root and leaf cuttings)

CytokininCytokinins (CK) are a class of plant hormones that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots. They are involved primarily in cell growth and differentiation, but also affect apical dominance, axillary bud growth, and leaf senescence.

D 

D.O: Dissolved oxygen (DO) is the amount of oxygen that is present in water. Water bodies receive oxygen from the atmosphere and from aquatic plants.

Damping-off: Damping off is a disease of seedlings caused by several different fungi and fungus-like organisms. This disease causes emerging seedlings to collapse, often submerged in a mass of white fungal growth. It is particularly a problem when sowing seed indoors or under glass.

Day-neutral plant: A plant that flowers regardless of the length of the period of light it is exposed to. Rice, corn, and the cucumber are day-neutral plants.

Deadhead: To remove dead flowers from (a plant)

Deciduous: Falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, after flowering; and to the shedding of ripe fruit.

Decomposition: The process by which bacteria and fungi break dead organisms into their simple compounds . Plants can absorb and use these compounds again, completing the cycle.

Deep flow/Raft culture: This method uses a rectangular tank less than one foot deep filled with a nutrient-rich solution with plants floating in Styrofoam boards on top.

Deep Water Culture (DWC): Deep water culture (DWC) is a hydroponic method of plant production by means of suspending the plant roots in a solution of nutrient-rich, oxygenated water.

Defoliation: Desiccation is the state of extreme loss of water. The process of drying out or removal of moisture · In general, the process of drying up.

Desiccation: Falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, after flowering; and to the shedding of ripe fruit.

Diageotropic: The tendency of the stems, branches, rhizomes, etc. of certain plants to grow in a direction horizontal to the surface of the earth.

Differentiation: The process in which cells of the root and the shoot apical meristems and the cambium mature to perform specific functions. In this process, lots of structural changes occur within the plant cell.

Dioecious: Having male reproductive organs in one individual and female in another. 2 : having staminate and pistillate flowers borne on different individuals.

Division: A simple means of vegetative propagation for plants that produce suckers, stolons, bulbs, tubers or rhizomes. To propagate by division, dig up the plant and divide it carefully using a spade or secateurs.

DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid: A molecule that contains the biological instructions that make each species unique. DNA, along with the instructions it contains, is passed from adult organisms to their offspring during reproduction.

Dominate Species: Species that have high abundance relative to other species in a community, and have proportionate effects on environmental conditions, community diversity and/or ecosystem function.​

Dormancy: The temporary inability of a viable seed to germinate under favorable environmental conditions

Drip Irrigation: The practice of applying small amounts of water and fertilizer uniformly across a specific area. The water and fertilizer are delivered directly to the crop root zone, eliminating runoff, evaporation, and drift.

Drip Zone: A method of controlled irrigation in which water is slowly delivered to the root system of multiple plants. In this method water is either dripped onto the soil surface above the roots, or directly to the root zone.

Drip Line: A drip line is a water-saving irrigation system that delivers water directly to the plant's roots through a series of tubes, pipes valves, and emitters.

Dwarfed: The process of creating much smaller plants through various methods such as DNA altering, targeted breeding, nutritional, and hormonal means.

E 

E.C.: Soil electrical conductivity (EC) is a measure of the amount of salts in soil (salinity of soil). It is an important indicator of soil health.

Ebb-and-flow: An ebb and flow system, also known as a flood and drain system, is a popular hydroponic growing system where an intermittent water supply flows over plants grown in an inert medium. The water supply, typically called the nutrient solution, contains all the nutrients plants need to grow.

Ecology:  The study of agricultural ecosystems and their components as they function within themselves and in the context of the landscapes that contain them.

Economic Threshold: The insect's population level or extent of crop damage at which the value of the crop destroyed exceeds the cost of controlling the pest.

Efficacy: In horticultural lighting, efficacy refers to micromoles of photon output per second, per watt of input power. Since a watt is a joule per second, this simplifies to µmol per joule.

Egg: In botany, the egg is sometimes called a macrogamete, A female sex cell.

Electric Arc: What HID and fluorescent lamps use to generate light. A breakdown of gas (called Ionization) produces a plasma discharge by passing current through a nonconductive media.

Electrical Conductivity (EC): EC stands for electrical conductivity, which is the potential of any material to conduct electricity. Although most growers are used to measuring the amount of feed that they give in ounces per gallon, grams per litre, or some other unit of measurement, EC goes a little further than this. It is important for growers to have a good understanding of what EC is all about and why it matters

Electrodes:  Electrodes. Mediums used between an electric conductor and the object to which the current is to be applied.

Electromagnetic Interference (EMI): Unwanted noise or interference in an electrical path or circuit caused by an outside source. It is also known as radio frequency interference.

Electromagnetic Radiation: Electromagnetic waves as tools in the field of agriculture have been used in many applications such as remote sensing, imaging, quality sensing, and dielectric heating in a pre-harvest or post-harvest environment.

Electronic Ballast: In artificial lighting required for hydroponics, the ballast is the component of the system that regulates the voltage that each individual grow light receives.

Enclosed Fixture:  Enclosed fixtures are lighting fixtures which keep a tight seal around the light source.​

Ethylene: A hormone produced by plants that aids in the ripening and aging process of plants.

Etiolation: A process in flowering plants grown in partial or complete absence of light. It is characterized by long, weak stems; smaller leaves due to longer internodes; and a pale yellow color (chlorosis).

ETL: Electrical testing Laboratories (ETL) to test the safety of light bulbs. 

Evaporative Cooling: An effective means of providing low air temperature and high relative humidity for cooling produce. Its limitation is that a well-designed system pro- vides air at one to two degrees above the wet- bulb temperature of the ambient air, outside the cooling unit.

Evapotranspiration: An estimate of the loss of water from both plants and the soil. The main drivers of evapotranspiration are sunlight, wind, humidity and temperature.​

Evergreen: A plant that never loses all of its foliage at the same time.

F

Filial Generation, F1, F2, F3, etc.: Filial Generation refers to the offspring from a parental cross of two different varieties. The first generation produced is refered to as F1, and the offspring of F1 is reffered to as F2 and so on.

Family: Generally speaking, a family is a very large group of plants with common characteristics. More scientifically, family is a taxonomic class, classified between order and genus.

Feeder roots:  Refers to the small, fine roots that are responsible for absorbing the majority of water and nutrients used by the plants.

Fertigation: Refers to the injection of fertilizers into irrigation systems.

Fluorescent Lamp: A lamp that is great for seedlings and cuttings/clones, but are not strong enough for the later stages of a plant. These lamps work by using a phosphor coating that is stimulated by Ultra Violet light created by heating up Mercury Vapor. Different compositions of phosphor give different colours.

Foot-Candle: A unit of illumination, given by a source of one candela at a distance of one foot.

Force: In botany, force usually refers to "Forcing" a plant into early growth by raising the temperature.

Frequency: Usually measured in Hertz (Hz), frequency is the number of waves per second. With electricity, this usually refers to how often the alternating current (AC) switches in 1 second.

Fruit: The fruit is the end product of a plant, more scientfically a ripened, and mature ovary. Most tend to be edible, and safe for consumption for humans.

Full Spectrum: When a fixture is referred to as "Full Spectrum", it means that the spectrum of the light it produces, contains all the wavelengths within 400nm to 700nm, which is what plants tend to absorb.

G 

Gas lantern routine (GLR): A plant lighting schedule, where lights are on for 12 hours, 5.5 off, 1 hour on and then 5.5 hours off. Reduces energy costs and speeds up growth by shortening the amount of time plants are in the darkness for.

Gene: A unit of heredity, made up of DNA, that contains all information about the species.

Genus:  A category in taxonomy that is above species, and below family.

Germination: When a seed becomes a spore/sprout.

Getter: A deposit of chemicals that are put in a lamp to neutralize contaminates such as oxygen and hydrogen which can affect lamp start time, and life span.

Gallons Per Minute (GPM): A common metric used to measure the rate of flow in hydroponic systems.

Grafting: Placing a bud/shoot of one plant into a stem/branch/root of another, in such a way where it grows and becomes a permanent part of the other plant.

Growing Medium: A material in which a plant can grow. The most common is soil, but it can be any material that can support plants roots and possibly hold nutrients.

Growing Season: The period of time where plants begin to grow in spring, and stop growing in the fall.

Growth Regulator: A substance (synthetic or natural) that can stop/start specific growths in a plant.

Gutter NFT: A technique used in nutrient film water culture systems where plants are growing in small gutters.

H

Hardy: In horticulture, this term doers not mean it is resistant to insects or its tough. It means that the plant is freeze-tolorant.

Harmonic Distortion: Common voltage/current variations due to changes in frequencies within the circuit. Lower distortion means a higher power factor, lower peak currents and better efficiency.

Harmonics:  In an electric power system, a harmonic is a voltage or current at an interger multiple of the fundamental frequency of the system. Harmonics are caused by nonlinear loads that convert AC voltage/current to DC. Managing the harmonics of the system is important, as they can be a cause of power quality problems, and could lead to equipment failure.

Heat Sink : An important part of a ballast, used to dissapate heat away from other important components.

Herbicide: Any chemical used to kill plants.

HERTZ (Hz):  The unit used to measure frequency in electric current or voltage.

HID (High Intensity Discharge):  A type of lamp that produces light by running an electric arc betweeb electrodes in a tube. This will heat up gases trapped in the tube, to such high degrees that they convert to plasma. Common HID's include High Pressure Sodium, and Metal Halide lamps. HID's have great spectrums, however they heat up considerably hotter as compared to LED's, having a lower life-span and lower strength.

High Pressure Sodium (HPS) : An HID that uses sodium gas. Although technically a full spectrum lamp, HPS tends to produce a very red/yellow spectrum. They also tend to run longer than Metal Halide lamps.

Hood: A reflective cover used around an HID lamp. The more reflective, the more effective the hood is at reflecting light back towards the canopy.

I*

Gas lantern routine (GLR): A plant lighting schedule, where lights are on for 12 hours, 5.5 off, 1 hour on and then 5.5 hours off. Reduces energy costs and speeds up growth by shortening the amount of time plants are in the darkness for.

Gene: A unit of heridity, made up of DNA, that contains all information about the species.

Genus:  A category in taxonomy that is above species, and below family.

J*

Gas lantern routine (GLR): A plant lighting schedule, where lights are on for 12 hours, 5.5 off, 1 hour on and then 5.5 hours off. Reduces energy costs and speeds up growth by shortening the amount of time plants are in the darkness for.

Gene: A unit of heridity, made up of DNA, that contains all information about the species.

Genus:  A category in taxonomy that is above species, and below family.

K*

Gas lantern routine (GLR): A plant lighting schedule, where lights are on for 12 hours, 5.5 off, 1 hour on and then 5.5 hours off. Reduces energy costs and speeds up growth by shortening the amount of time plants are in the darkness for.

Gene: A unit of heridity, made up of DNA, that contains all information about the species.

Genus:  A category in taxonomy that is above species, and below family.

L*

Gas lantern routine (GLR): A plant lighting schedule, where lights are on for 12 hours, 5.5 off, 1 hour on and then 5.5 hours off. Reduces energy costs and speeds up growth by shortening the amount of time plants are in the darkness for.

Gene: A unit of heridity, made up of DNA, that contains all information about the species.

Genus:  A category in taxonomy that is above species, and below family.

M*

Gas lantern routine (GLR): A plant lighting schedule, where lights are on for 12 hours, 5.5 off, 1 hour on and then 5.5 hours off. Reduces energy costs and speeds up growth by shortening the amount of time plants are in the darkness for.

Gene: A unit of heridity, made up of DNA, that contains all information about the species.

Genus:  A category in taxonomy that is above species, and below family.

N*

Gas lantern routine (GLR): A plant lighting schedule, where lights are on for 12 hours, 5.5 off, 1 hour on and then 5.5 hours off. Reduces energy costs and speeds up growth by shortening the amount of time plants are in the darkness for.

Gene: A unit of heridity, made up of DNA, that contains all information about the species.

Genus:  A category in taxonomy that is above species, and below family.

Ñ*

Gas lantern routine (GLR): A plant lighting schedule, where lights are on for 12 hours, 5.5 off, 1 hour on and then 5.5 hours off. Reduces energy costs and speeds up growth by shortening the amount of time plants are in the darkness for.

Gene: A unit of heridity, made up of DNA, that contains all information about the species.

Genus:  A category in taxonomy that is above species, and below family.

O*

Gas lantern routine (GLR): A plant lighting schedule, where lights are on for 12 hours, 5.5 off, 1 hour on and then 5.5 hours off. Reduces energy costs and speeds up growth by shortening the amount of time plants are in the darkness for.

Gene: A unit of heridity, made up of DNA, that contains all information about the species.

Genus:  A category in taxonomy that is above species, and below family.

P*

Gas lantern routine (GLR): A plant lighting schedule, where lights are on for 12 hours, 5.5 off, 1 hour on and then 5.5 hours off. Reduces energy costs and speeds up growth by shortening the amount of time plants are in the darkness for.

Gene: A unit of heridity, made up of DNA, that contains all information about the species.

Genus:  A category in taxonomy that is above species, and below family.

Q*

Gas lantern routine (GLR): A plant lighting schedule, where lights are on for 12 hours, 5.5 off, 1 hour on and then 5.5 hours off. Reduces energy costs and speeds up growth by shortening the amount of time plants are in the darkness for.

Gene: A unit of heridity, made up of DNA, that contains all information about the species.

Genus:  A category in taxonomy that is above species, and below family.

R*

Gas lantern routine (GLR): A plant lighting schedule, where lights are on for 12 hours, 5.5 off, 1 hour on and then 5.5 hours off. Reduces energy costs and speeds up growth by shortening the amount of time plants are in the darkness for.

Gene: A unit of heridity, made up of DNA, that contains all information about the species.

Genus:  A category in taxonomy that is above species, and below family.

S*

Gas lantern routine (GLR): A plant lighting schedule, where lights are on for 12 hours, 5.5 off, 1 hour on and then 5.5 hours off. Reduces energy costs and speeds up growth by shortening the amount of time plants are in the darkness for.

Gene: A unit of heridity, made up of DNA, that contains all information about the species.

Genus:  A category in taxonomy that is above species, and below family.

T*

Gas lantern routine (GLR): A plant lighting schedule, where lights are on for 12 hours, 5.5 off, 1 hour on and then 5.5 hours off. Reduces energy costs and speeds up growth by shortening the amount of time plants are in the darkness for.

Gene: A unit of heridity, made up of DNA, that contains all information about the species.

Genus:  A category in taxonomy that is above species, and below family.

U*

Gas lantern routine (GLR): A plant lighting schedule, where lights are on for 12 hours, 5.5 off, 1 hour on and then 5.5 hours off. Reduces energy costs and speeds up growth by shortening the amount of time plants are in the darkness for.

Gene: A unit of heridity, made up of DNA, that contains all information about the species.

Genus:  A category in taxonomy that is above species, and below family.

V*

Gas lantern routine (GLR): A plant lighting schedule, where lights are on for 12 hours, 5.5 off, 1 hour on and then 5.5 hours off. Reduces energy costs and speeds up growth by shortening the amount of time plants are in the darkness for.

Gene: A unit of heridity, made up of DNA, that contains all information about the species.

Genus:  A category in taxonomy that is above species, and below family.

W*

Gas lantern routine (GLR): A plant lighting schedule, where lights are on for 12 hours, 5.5 off, 1 hour on and then 5.5 hours off. Reduces energy costs and speeds up growth by shortening the amount of time plants are in the darkness for.

Gene: A unit of heridity, made up of DNA, that contains all information about the species.

Genus:  A category in taxonomy that is above species, and below family.

X*

Gas lantern routine (GLR): A plant lighting schedule, where lights are on for 12 hours, 5.5 off, 1 hour on and then 5.5 hours off. Reduces energy costs and speeds up growth by shortening the amount of time plants are in the darkness for.

Gene: A unit of heridity, made up of DNA, that contains all information about the species.

Genus:  A category in taxonomy that is above species, and below family.

Y*

Gas lantern routine (GLR): A plant lighting schedule, where lights are on for 12 hours, 5.5 off, 1 hour on and then 5.5 hours off. Reduces energy costs and speeds up growth by shortening the amount of time plants are in the darkness for.

Gene: A unit of heridity, made up of DNA, that contains all information about the species.

Genus:  A category in taxonomy that is above species, and below family.

Z*

Gas lantern routine (GLR): A plant lighting schedule, where lights are on for 12 hours, 5.5 off, 1 hour on and then 5.5 hours off. Reduces energy costs and speeds up growth by shortening the amount of time plants are in the darkness for.

Gene: A unit of heridity, made up of DNA, that contains all information about the species.

Genus:  A category in taxonomy that is above species, and below family.